Diptera’s ancestors also have four wings, but in dipteran insects, second pair of wings is evolved into halteres, which are modified balancer organs that give to insect an amazing amount of fine control while flying. This is distinguishing character because other insects have either two pairs of wings or four wings.

The name Diptera, is derived from the Greek words ‘ di’ meaning two and ‘ ptera’ hereby meaning wings, which refers to the fact that true flies have only a single pair of wings (two wings). The so-called true flies are one of the utmost important groups of insects in the order Diptera. Without doubt, this fragment of book provides the basics for understanding diversity of a major order of insects and is the first such synopsis of its kind for scientists and public alike. The main purpose of this chapter is to provide modern, well-illustrated and easily interpretable information for economic importance, life histories, habits and habitats, lifestyles, diversity, identifying and studying, pharmaceutical and industrial applications, ecological and human services, pests and vectors of diseases, predators and herbivores, pollination and biological control agents, association with carcasses, forensic science, phylogeny and classification of Diptera. During their long evolutionary history, virtually every terrestrial and aquatic niche has been occupied by Diptera, thus making these one of the most successful groups of organisms on earth.

The Order Diptera, comprising of two-winged or true flies, is one of the most commonly recognized and widespread insects all over the world.

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